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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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CIHM/iCMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


i      CIHiVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microraproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  Mstoriquas 


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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibiiographiques 


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D 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  fitm6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


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20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


^•'»^'%i^*m^f^»&aM£^kviSmiii^''ii&IS^^t>M^^ 


mll*'i^1tV!K9'flt 


lire 

details 
jes  du 
modifier 
jer  une 
filmage 


6es 


re 


/  errata 
id  to 

fit 

ie  pelure, 

9on  d 


n 


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12  3 


L'exemplaire  fllmA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnArosltA  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Survice 

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d'Impresslon  ou  d'lllustration,  soit  par  Ie  second 
plat,  salon  Ie  cas.  Tous  les  iiutres  exemplalres 
originaux  sont  fllm6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
prbmlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impresslon  ou  d'lllustration  et  en  terminant  par 
Ie  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboies  sulvants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernldre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  Ie 
cas:  Ie  symbole  —►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  Ie 
symbola  V  sIgnifSe  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
fllmAs  A  des  taux  de  r6ductlon  diffArents. 
Lorsque  Ie  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  11  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  wupArleur  gauche,  da  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  Ie  nombre 
d'Imagas  nAcessalra.  Les  diagrammes  sulvants 
illustrant  la  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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PRBPA 


The  attractiveness   of   exhibits  is  in  sorr 

as  well  as  to  the  interest  which  they  are  capub 

utility,  as  the  case  may  be,  of  the  articles  exhib 

World's  Fair  in  Chicago  was  a  notable  mstanc 

more  wide-spread  attention  than  any  other  of  1 

the  animal,  vegetable  or  mineral  kingdoms,     i  1 

ductive  of  interest  when  placed  in  terms  of  con 

of  the  age  in  the  industrial,  mechanical  and  d€ 

thought,  is  easily  explainable:     In  addition  to 

of  the  finny  tribe,  the  great  salmon  fishing  ind 

in   a  unique  manner,  a  series  of  i)hotographi 

an  unending  sou.ce  of  admiration  and  instruct 

these  views  bound  in  album  form  have  been  so 

vield  to  a  demand  whi*-h  has  become  almost  imp 

brief  explanations  thereof.     In  presenting  this 

to  those  unfamiliar  with  the  salmon  fishing  in 

.  sight  into  the  various  methods  of  catching  the 

digenous  to  the  waters  of  the  great  river  of  tlu 

practical  operation  of  the  cannery  from  the  ar 

market.         Numerous  articles  on  the  subject 

authorities,but  the  author's  modest  little  volu 

bluing,  with  a  thorough  yet  conservative  des 

the'attractive  and  convincing  proofs  of  its  abs 

photographic  views  with  which  the  work  is  illu 

ing  the  dailv  routine  of  work  throughout  the 

toavoid  botii  exaggeration  and  the  advertising 

t,.n-ste.l  in  salm.m  canning.     With  this  exph 

prove  in  some  small  degree,  both  interesting 


mammtiBUim* 


^^ 


\\i 


PREFACE. 


1 


m 


.,<yi 


-t5>- 


I    exhibits  is  in  some  measure  proportioiuite  to   their  rarity, 
,ich  they  are  capable  of  inspiring  by  reason  of  the  beauty  or 
.f  the  ar'ticles  exhibited.     Oregon's  Fisheries  d.sp  ay  at  the 
,  a  notable  instance  of  this  fact,  for  it  attracted  probably 
than  any  other  of  the  almost  innumerable  collections  from 
.eral  kingdoms.     That  an  exhibit  of  fish  should  prove  so  pro- 
eed  in  tenns  of  competition  with  the  highest  achievements 
mechanical  and  decorative  arts,  however  anomalous  at  hist 
ie      In  addition  to  a  large  and  varied  assortment  of  members 
salmon  fishing  industry  of  the  Columbia  River  was  explained 
He    of  photogmphic  views,  the  work  of  the  writer,  provmg 
^tion  L\  ii:;truction.     Since  that  time  (1H9;5),  the  c^l  s    or 
form  have  been  so  numerous  that  the  author  has  cone  udedto 
,  become  almostimperativcand  publish  the  series,t<^et^>erwiU. 

In  presenting  this  volume  it  is  the  author's  intentioi  to  give 
e  salmon  fishing  industry  on  the  lower  Columbia  a  s hght  in- 
K>ds  of  catching  the  Chinook  and  other  varieties  of  salmon  n- 
1,0  great  river  of  the  west,  together  with  an  explanation  of    he 

nnery  from  the  arrival  of  the  salmon  until  it  is  ready  for  the 
.les  on  the  subject  have  been  written  heretofore  by  competent 
.modest  little  volume  will  stan<l  alone  as  the  on  y  work  com- 
H  conservative  description  of  Columbia  river  salmon  fishing 
^ng  proofs  of  its  absolute  correctness  contained  in  the  series  ot 
Inch  the  work  is  illustrated.  All  of  these  views  were  taken  dur 
.vk  throughout  the  fishing  season,  and  due  care  has  been    a^en 

Hn<l  the  advertising  of  the  business  of  any  of  those  directly  n- 
.  With  this  explanation  the  author  trusts  his  efforts  will 
'e,  both  interesting  and  instructive.  ''•  H.  Bratt. 


•<>-»-^ 


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Astoria  Fro 


-!iST(^IUA'S  cominantliug   location    as   tl 

ic  Nm-lhwe^'t   is    too  gentn-ally  recognized  t( 

croaso  ok'   her  commercial  relations    with 

or  more  especially  since  the  completion  of  t 

fyingmore  eloquently  than  pen  can   descrilx 

of  commerce,  and  pointing  with    prophetic 

not  he  amiss,  however,  to  emphasize  the  fac 

bor  on  the  Tacitic  coast  north  of  San  Franc 

by  the  latter,  among  which  may  he  conside 

beneficial  to  shipping  after  an  extended  vo 

miles,  a  bo(iy  of  water  eight  miles  in  width 

rivers  of  the  world— (a  river  which  with  it? 

per  cent  of  the  entire  United  States)— Astt)] 

the  North   Pacific   Coast  must  be  admitte 

advantages  bestowed  by  nature-  with  sucli 

.  surmountable  between  her    and   the  goal  i 

for>\'ard  with  confidence  to  an.  early  realize 

in  the  commercial  marts   of_  the  world  tir 

excellence  of  the  Royal  Chinook   Salmon 

other  salmon  of  the  world  and  caught  onl.v 

canning  industry  has  been  extensively  cari 

tutes,  ol  course, \he  chief  l)usiness  of  the  ci 

and  producing  an  annual  revenue  of  over  5 

the  highest  price  in  both  homeland  foreign 


n    l"nlVl'oin"'-Fort  Stevens  and  Jatty  In  ihe  D.nance. 
Ill    Canuerles  and  Net  Racks. 


Q/^-K^-^^-t 


v3  M    Mill-  ^  ,  J     J  ,  Mil  ^Si  ^I0tt  i[   'I,?. I,.'" 


<  ^  #«tr«J!^j«]^i?»  w 


] 


•"7( 


•"■>-•  -^^  «v-«   •>  •  ^'-•-O  *  <•'  •  *>-«-<^-*"^-*.  -♦-* 


lAstoria  From  the  East. 

•  1 

iii^!;  lociition  as  the  future  nuiritiinu  /nctropolis  of  the  Pacit- 
rally  n'('(>mii/(.M|  ti)  renuiro  any  extciulod  doHCi'iption,  the  in- 
>1  reiatiuiis  with  other  countries  durinji;  the  past  Um  years, 
tlie  coiiiplelion  of  the  great  .jetty  at  the  moutli  of  the  river, testi- 
au  pelican  describe  to  her  paramount  importance  in  the  world 
nu  with    p)"ophetic  Hnger  to  a  certain  gh)rious  future.     It   may 

0  emphasize  the  fact  that  Astoria  has  indisputably  the  tinest  har- 
lorth  of  ,San  Francisco.  Hhe  has,  too,  advantages  not  possi^ssed 
ich  may  be  considered  the  fresh  wat(;r  of  the  great  Colutnbia,  so 
ter  an  extended  voyage.  With  a  river  frontage  of  almost  six 
ight  miles  in  width,  a  location  at  the  gateway  of  one  of  the  tinest 
river  which  with  its  tributaries  drains  a  territory  comprising  2.'* 
nited  States) — Astoria's  claims  to  future  maritime  supremacsy  on 
It  must  be  admitted  as  reasonable  and  the  logical  outcome  of 
/  nature-  with  such  a  lavish  hand.  With  no  obstacles  not  easily 
her  and  the  goal  of  her  ambit'on,  .Vsturia's  10,000  citizens  look 
i  to  an.  early  realization  of  their  brightest  hopes.  Astoria's  name 
ts    of   the  world  tirst   became   famous    because  of  the  unrivaled 

Chinook    Salmon,    which    is  the  acknowledged  superior  of  all 
Id  and  caught  (Utly  in  the  waters  of  the  Columbia.      The    salmon, 
en  extensively  carried  on  here  for  over  two  decades,  andconsti- 
f  business  of  the  city,  giving  employment  to  nearly  40(X)  persons, 
ai  revenue  of  over  $2, 225,000.     The  Chinook   salmon    commands 

1  home  and  foreign  market.s,  its  superiority  consisting  in  firmness 

nd  .Fetty  in  ihe  Distance 


» 


\ 


^. 


,  c.,->»*— •-=►♦'>—*•  •*• 


.,-,•«•*■•  o  •■<»■ ' 


of  flesh,  a  dflicacy  of  flavor  peoul.arly  .t-  own. 
developed  Chinook  vari.s  greatly  in  we  ght  7. 
beinVtaken,  and  the  smallest  being  m  the  r 
fis  howeve;,  weighs  from  22  to  2o  ,,ound«  an 
vea  ,  according  to  the  opinions  advanced  by  st 
Tari^us  limes  bran.led  young  Ash  •«  »..ch  a  r^ 
'd.en  again  captnrod,  and  by  that  means  fur, 
o  t"e  cherished  theory  that  the  Chu.ook  sain 
only  returns  to  its  native  waters  to  spawn,  and 

'""in'Iddition  to  the  Chinook,  three  other  y 

bia  ri-er,  vi.:    The  Blue-back,  the  Steel-head 

scarcely  equal  to  the  Chinook,  are  superior  te 

command  a  price  accordingly.    A  compreher 

ofX  salmon  industry  of  the  Columbia  may 

are  sixteen  canneries  located  m  Astona,  wh, 

ton  shore  at  intervals  for  n'f"y '"''f"/.  '  ; 

the  last  eleven  years  (from  1884   o  1894  ....  h 

^4.464  pounds  or  over  half  a  m.l  ,on  ease 

be  interesting  to  note,  has  a  duration  of  fo m 

il  August  lOth,  after  which  date  and  un   1 

"salmon.     Fall  fishing  (during  the  month 

ber),  is  carried  on  to  some  extent  by  a  few  c> 

tfon  from  August  10th  to  April  10th  .s  gene, 

season  usually  being  so  light  as  to  rende    pa 

■  ■  There  are  three  devices  for  catching 

j      These  are  the  gill-net,  the  trap  and  the  sem. 

i      confined  to  such  an  extent  as  to  render  1 

i      used  with  great  financial  success  to  the  own 

i      Tntte  slaughter  of  the  fish.     Of  the  fishing  i 


.......o.-.      .->•<'*  — ' "*" 


t     .rfV     •    ^W    •  ->  ♦*>•**! 


►  *V  •  *V  •  -Tfc^  • 


"1 


■:r''t 'birfthe    "ig     o  horot  tonUna^.    The  av.,ra«e 
4.„'>oa,>d»  and  U  supposed  to  have  attained  it,  tcurth 

„„  ad vaC  by  .tudo..t,of  piscary,  «un.e  of  whom  bavo  ut 
lon,  advai»,ea    y  ^^^^^^^  ^l_  _^  ^^^,,^  rocognvsahie 

:'  that  mrn  tu™  hod  .ircu.n-.antial  evidence  in  support 
Al  1  nrook  salmon,  with  co.nparatively  tew  exceptions 
;lttsto"X.-''   '•-'  '-^-"y  is  reached  in  the  space  ot 

n«nk  three  other  varieties  o(  salmon  are  taken  in  the  Colmn- 
'!^k  U  e  steT-head  and  the  Silver-side.    These  var.eUes,  while 

's;S;':i^  .^^rr.5^^"■=^'^■ 
££-^^:!^.'■:■'c^?F^B£^■ 


I 

1' 


Hiaiiini  liil^ 


.  •-O'-^-o-  •  ->■ 


lar  fishing  season,  it  is  estimated  that  there 
These,  together  with  the  boats,  have  a  value  a 
and  represent  probably  one-third  of  che  capits 


Astoria  Frotr 


I 


Tmj 


*HIS  view  shows  where  the  proposed  sea-wa 
row  neck  of  land  known  as  Tongue  Point  a 
From  this  point  to  the  westerly  end  of  the  cii 
a  distance  of  nearly  six  miles,  the  water  van. 
and  is  of  sufficient  area  to  accommodate  the  c 

J.  0.  Hanthoi 

I 

J.  0.  Hanthorn's  Cannery,  located  at  th 
familiarly  known  as  Upper  Astoria. 

The  location  of  the  canneries  with  refer 

determined  by  the  channel,  the  course  of  w 

ous  in  places  and  deflectod  by  the  rocky  pro 

reason  the  subject  of  this  illustration,  as  wil 

from  shore,  the  intervening  apace  between 

a  roadway  and  net  racks.     The  latter  is  an  i 

used  in  drying  and  repairing  the  i  ets.       Ui 

standard,  this  cannery  packs  about  a  quarte 

employment  for  300  persons,  including  mer 

These  include  recoiving,  weighing,  dressing, 

ing,  labeling  and  packing  (in  cases  of  48  pov 

for  shipment. 


_^-«-o^-o-*-^^ 


..♦-->  ♦-O'-^'O-  •  ■>- 


.timated  that  there  are  1500  gill-nets,  20  seines  and  300  t^^^^^^^^^ 
fats,  have  a  value  approximately  of  over  half  a  milhon  dollars 
o-third  of  the  capital  invested  in  the  industry. 

storia  From  the  We5t. 

■.\^-r--i::-  II 

the  proposed  sea-wall  will  he  begun  on  the  East  near  the  nar- 
n!  Tongue  Point  and  so  called  from  its  tongue-like  formation. 

sterly  end  of  the  city,  at  that  portion  known  as  Smith  s  point, 
■l::  'the  water  variel  in  depth  from  25  to'  55  feet  at  low  tide, 

accommodate  the  combined  navies  of  the  world. 

0.  Hanthorn's  Cannery. 

Ill 

,nery.  located  at  the  eastern   end  of  the  city,   or   in  what  is 

'al.ner?es  with  reference  to  their  distances  from  terra  f  rma > 
rie  course  of  which,  like  the  shore-line,  ^^^^^^^^ 
•d  bv  the  rockv  promontory  known  as  Tongue  Point,      t  or  this 

:ti!:::':^i::iswiiibese.i,  is  ^^^rrTij::::^^^ 

,ing  apace  between  the  cannery  and  the  shore  being  "^  i^-^^  -O^ 

The  latter  is  an  indispensable  adjunct  of  every  cannery  and  s 

■  •      \^        Z        Durin/a  reason  in  which  the  catch  is  up  to  the 


■,i»  ■*»>»•  »  •-<»>■< 


I 


J 


~M'M'M'M'ilt~»T'T^"'t"tW'tK"M 


.♦■^  »  ♦  «  ■»  ♦■^1  »»«»>i»iO»*"i*' 


Elmore's  Ca 

IV 

But  two  of  the  canneries  doing  an  extensix 

shown  in  this  work.     These  will,  however,  he 

This  view    also  shows    [1]    Scarborough   Hill,  1 

nially  covered  with  nature's  verdant  carpet,  as  i 

wooded  Washington  shore;  [2]  Desdemona  Islar 

and  south  channels  of  the  river  a  short  distance 

(the  location  of  Fort  Canby);  [4]  Point  Adams, 

Stevens,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  of  the  govern 

jetty;  and  [5]  the  entrance  to  the  Columbia  rive 

The  cannery  in  the  foreground  of  the  pictur 

the  kind  in  operation  on  the  lower  river.    It  was 

ity  is  57,500  cans  of  one  pound  each,  which  wou 

obtained,  to  nearly  6,000,000  pounds  for  the  seas 

the  large  canning  establishments  can  obtain  su 

reach  the  limit  of  their  capacities  from  day  to 

so  great  as  to  compel  packers  to  limit  each  of  th 

of  salmon  on  the  Columbia,  i.  e.,  the  price   paid 

steadily  increased  since   the  inception  of  the  c 

pound  is  the  ruling  rate.     This  is  fixed  by  the 

Union,  an  organization  established  in  188()  and 

In  addition  to  the  island  (Desdemona)  refe 

sand  can  be  seen  in  the  Columbia* between  Ast< 

Sand   Island,  and  has  a  length  of  three  miles,  ^ 

Its  existence  is  also  due  to  the  action  of  the  nor 

ward  of  this  island  almost  all  the  trap  fishing  i 

ing  ^  f  the  lower  Columbia.     The  traps,  to  tl 

known  as  Baker's  Bay.  and  dot  the  water  at 

westward  of  Scarborough  Hill  and  eastward  of 


»--*■  »  I  »  »^-#"»^ 


>..^'^-*"«>-»'0'*^  <-  ♦-< 


i,J./^^i 


I 


1 


1 


■^N^    "»-    •"^^  •--^     •   •*>>-  *■  •>-«    <*■   •-^O-  4 


BImore's  Cannery. 

IV 

doing  an  extensive  business  in  Astoria  are  prominently 

will,  however,  be  sufficient   for  purposes  of  illustration. 

•Scarborough   Hill,  the  griceful  slope   of   which    is    peren- 

erdant  carpet,  as  if  to  relieve  the  otherwise  monotonously 

I]  Desdemona  Island,  a  sand  formation  between  the  north 

er  a  short  distance  below  Astoria;  [3]  Cape  Disappointment 

[4]  Point  .Adams,  the  promontory  on  which  stands  Fort 

itiful  of  the  government  reservations,  and  the  government 

<  the  Columbia  i-iver. 

round  of  the  picture  is  the  most  westerly  establishment  of 
lower  river.  It  was  established  in  187(5,  and  its  daih'  capac- 
nd  each,  which  would  amount,  if  the  supply  of  fish  could  be 
pounds  for  the  season.  It  is  seldom,  however,  that  any  of 
ents  can  obtain  sufficient  raw  material  to  enable  thom  to 
cities  from  day  to  day,  although  at  times  the  run  of  fish  is 
1  to  limit  each  of  their  boats  to  a  given  number.  The  price 
i.  e.,  the  price  paid  by  the  canner  to  the  fisherman,  has 
}  inception  of  the  canning  industry,  until  now  five  cents  per 
lis  is  fixed  by  the  Columbia  River  Fishermen's  Protective 
)lished  in  188()  and  having  a  present  membership  of  1800. 

I  (Desdemona)  referred  to  above,  another  and  larger  tract  of 
imbia* between  Astoria  and  the  ocean.  This  is  known  as 
th  of  three  miles,  with  a  breadth  of  less  than  one-half  mile, 
ie  action  of  the  north  and   south  channels.     To  the  north- 

II  the  trap  fishing  is  carried  on,  as  well  as  much  of  the  sein- 
The   traps,  to  the  nuni'  ':'r  of  300,  are  located  in  what  is 

dot  the  water  at  close   intervals  over  the  large  expanse 
11  and  eastward  of  Fort  Canby. 


«■-    *~**-»-4 


J 


Drying  and  Men< 


L 


Gill-nets  vary  in  length  and  depth  accon 

water  in  which  he  proposes  to  operate.     Few  a] 

proportion  are  1800  feet,  and  have  a  depth  of  ; 

important  item  of  expense,  and  not  infrequer 

abandon  his  net  in  order  to  save  what  is  inti 

attendant  upon  fishing  near  the  ocean  being  ni 

taken.     The  more  venturesome  of  the  n  en  alh 

to  the  river;  some  sail  boldly  out  to  the  ocean 

first  of  the  flood  tide,  when  salmon  are  usually 

breakers  at  Sand  Island  and  too  often  fall  victi 

The  size  of  the  gill-net  mesh  is  determine 

from  7  to  10  inches.     During  the  early  part  ( 

generally  used,  but  from  June  to  August,  whei 

possess  a  net  of  each  (ilass,  use  that  having  tht 

cost  from  $275  to  $300,  and  consists  of  froi 

pounds  of  rope  (on  which  are  attached  the  lea 

to  2«J0  pounds  of  lead  and  4r>0  to  550  floats.     > 

lines  attached  to  top  and  bottom  respective!; 

ning  solution,  and  by  this  process  the  twine  n 

be  less  readily  seen  by  the  salmon  as  they  hei 

newed  several  times  during  a  season,  and  pro\ 

serving  effect  on  the  twine.     With  the  best  of 

after  two  years'  use,  being  frequently  brok- 

freshet  season.     The  work  of  repairing,  whic 

considerable  time,  and  must  be  done  with  gre 

ined  and  the  smallest  defect  remedied. 


»-- •-0-*  -«j^»-<--» 


,  <,  ■•  <>  •  -■• 


►  •         •-^>  •-«>  ) 


■•    --V  «-<*.-•-*%-«-  o.^  4 


I— ♦-■^>-»  ^   »^    ■   O-^^ 


ig  and  Mending  the  Nets. 


"1 


and  depth  according  to  the  means  of  the  owner  and  the 

to  operate.  Few  are  less  tlian  1400  feet  long,  while  a  large 
have  a  depth  of  from  20  to  35  feet.  A  large  gill-net  is  an 
,  and  not  infrequently  the  hardy  fisherman  is  compelled  to 
save  what  is  infinitely  more  precious — his  life — the  risks 

the  ocean  heing  many,  without  regard  to  what  care  may  be 
ome  of  the  n  en  allow  their  nets  to  drift  ac^-oss  the  entrance 
ly  out  to  the  ocean  and  endeavor  to  secure  a  haul  before  the 

salmon  are  usually  plentiful;  while  still  others  approach  the 
I  too  often  fall  victims  of  their  own  temerity. 

mesh  is  determined  by  the  caprice  of  the  owner,  and  varies 
[ig  the  early  part  of  the  season  the  small  mesh  net  is  most 
ane  to  August,  when  the  tish  are  uniformly  large,  those  who 
use  that  having  the  larger  medh.  The  material  ii'i  these  nets 
nd  consists  of  from  190  to  ii40  pounds  of  twine,  140  to  150 
ire  attached  the  lead  sinkers  and  corks  or  cedar  floats),  160  to 
too  to  550  floats.  When  a  net  is  made  and  the  cork  and  lead 
bottom  respectively,  it  is  immersed  in  a  tank  containing  tan- 
process  the  twine  is  hardened  and  colored  in  such  a  way  as  to 
salmon  as  they  head  up  stream.  The  tanning  process  is  re- 
;  a  season,  and  proves  a  source  of  economy,  because  of  thecon- 
With  the  best  of  care  a  gill-net  becomes  almost  worthless 
g  frequently  broken  by  large  fish  and  torn  by  snags  during 
of  repairing,  which  is  performed  on  the  net  racks,  requires 
it  be  done  with  great  care,  every  portion  being  minutely  exam- 
it  remedied. 


\ 


mam 


I 


S   •  -rf*-.»-*^»  -o-  < 


Loading  th 

VI 

This  illustration  shows  the  manneV  in  \Nhic 
is  transferred  from  the  rack  into  the  boat.  Tin 
together,  the  whole  body  of  the  not  being  galhc 
bo"vt-tender,  who  with  the  greatest  precision  dis 
a  manner  as  to  make  the  casting  of  it  a  simple 

Fishing  With 

VII 

The   subject  of  this  photograph  is  a  fisl 
making  another  drift  or  starting  tor  the  cannei 
(most  of  the  salmon  fishing  being  done  during 
by  his  good  or  ill  luck  on  previous  occasions,  \ 
for  or  against   certain    portions   of  the   river, 
allowed  to  drift   four  or  five  miles  anil  the  mc 
attendant  or  boat-puller  to  row  across  the  curr 
boat  and  pays  out  the  net,  taking  care   to  see 
come  entangled.     On  th(>  end  first  let  out  is  at 
other  end  is  secured  in  the  boat,  and  as  soon  a 
the  evenly  distributed  weight  of  the  lead-lin^ 
ion  for  its  entire  distance.     From  time  to  tim< 
the  net  examined.     By  raising  it  slightly  in  \ 
firih  have  been  captured,  and  if  so,  they  are   r 
lisiht  approaches  the  work  is  abandoned  by  m 
for  rest  after  depositing  their  catch   at  eithe 
hastily  improvise  canvas  coverings  for   their 
comfJrtable  sleeping  quarters,  where  they  are 


/ 


y 


I 


«-£^i^:^J|^<V^'P%  V 


-TT 


Loading  the  Nets. 


1 
♦ 

* 


VI 
the  manneV  in  \\h\ch  the  net,  after  heing  repaired  and  dried, 
into  the  boat.  The  sides,  ur  cork  and  h-ad  lines,  are  pUiced 
the  not  being  gathered  in  and  passed  over  the  roller  to  the 
•eatest  prt-cision  disposes  .f  it  in  the  stern  of  the  boat  in  such 
sting  of  it  a  simple  task. 

shing  With  the  Qillnet. 

VII 

hotograph  is  a  lishcrman   hnuling  in  his  net  preparatory  to 
rtijig^'ror  the  cannery.     In  shaping  his  program  for  the  night 
heing  done  during  darkness) .  a  Hshorman  is  frecjuently  guided 
re-ious  occasions,  past   experiences  tending  to  prejudice  him 
tions  of  the   river.     After   heing  oast,  the   net  i.  sometimes 
•e  miles  and  the  modus  operandi  is  as  follows:     Directing  the 
row  across  the  current,  the  fisherman  stands  in  the  stern  of  the 
taking  care   to  see  that  the  lead-line  an<l  cork  line  do  n.)t  be- 
,ul  first  let  out  is  attached   a  small   wooden   buoy,  while  the 
boat,  and  as  soon  as  the  net  has  been  cast  the  drift  begins, 
ight  of  the  lead-line  holding  the  net  in  a  perpendicular  posit- 
"Prom  time  to  time  the  boat  is  rowed  along  the  cork-hue  and 
^ing  it  slightly  in  places,  the  fishermen  assertain  whether  any 
id  if  so,  thev  "are  removed  and  the  drift  proceeds.     As  day- 
is  abandoned  bv  most  of  the  men,  some  going  to  their  homes 
heir  catch   at  either  the  cannery  or  fish  station,  while  others, 
coverings  for   their  boats  and  convert  them   into  moderately 
ers  where  they  are  rocked  quietly  to  sleep  after  their  morning 


■  •  <*■■•--«-•*  ■%»'^ 


i 


'  I 


'i 
/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 
/ 


\    S    \    V  A    \    \    N 


•^.-^'JKl^JSt^^fj^ 


/ 
/ 


'i^^S.=^_^-'T8r;''*5-" 


*,«»«rt4«IIW>M«W«'«Wtsa«« 


;i8r:^ra;^!i»-isir:ssr:y»'jir^ 


;i 


..r-;jWf^-«d.  iM^^^imvriM 


,  .vjf .*H«<W*-*-f'*«5  ■■' 


»iv  *^-i'"  i.  >^1^^^'- ,'  i  W''ii  >'= '  W-*  ■\^«- 


r.-^^^..-- «r4,^.-^ 


li.lil»i|ill*i""W!H«f'^ 


/' 


^  ^  •->4>^  •-  ^^  ^  ^>  < 


»  rfv  •  ■•>  •  •»■  •  •>-•-«>-•  ^ 


mettl  lui^<  boon  partiikoii  of.  Evorv  Ixmt  is  |>i-ovi< 
rendoriiif:  ii  trip  iioiiiu  fur  UnA  uniifn-ssary,  flioul 
the  HtiUiun  and  r»;suino  tiiuir  toilsoun'  work  !itt»'r  \ 
of  the  husinef<s  are  xincrrlain,  catchei*  buiii},'  maiie 
while  at  other  tiinoH  barely  ><uilicieiit  are  Hocun-ii  i 

Coming  In  with 

VIII 

Residents  of  Astoria  are  tn'at*;d  daily  duri 
Bight,  and  one  of  whose  beauties  they  never  weary 
iiig  grounds,  it  is  not  unusual  to  see  as  many  as  o 
white  sails  glistening,  in  the  sun  and  forming  a  pi 

Waiting  for  tl 

IX 

The  boats  are  here  reproduced  as  they  lie  at  j 
catch  has  been  unloaded  at  the  tishing  station, 
the  boat  sail,  and  is  securely  fastened  in  a  manne 
man.  The  photograph  was  taken  near  Sand  'Is 
resting  place  for  the  men.  and  on  the  comparativ 
these  little  floating  homci;  may  be  seen. 

FishiniT  St 


The  photograph  show?  the  Kooeiving  Scow,  o 
seiners  and  trappers  deliver  their  catches  to  thost 
have  such  stations  convenient  to  the  fishing  j 


.<»».^  •  ♦  •<-- 


-:.,.A:.^— 


»  «^  •■«>  •  •»-*  •>-♦■•>-•  <►•  #>■*« 


,^v*'<b«.««    •    «.  •,«k»0«^'*' 


vory  boat  is  provide.'  willi  nlovi^  and  fvxtkiiijr  uteiisilH, 
uniieci'Hsai y,  f^liould  ilic  u  vu  pi-elVr  to  l«'av«>  tlifir  tisli  ut 
.11.^)111.'  work  :ift»;r  i-iirtiil<iiiK  '>?  tV"'d  ii»»<i  reft.  Tin;  protits 
'iitclu'!^  iK-iiij;  iiui'lc  i.coasioiKilly  iij^^rtipitiii^'  :!<-*M>  poiiixU, 
liiii'iit  iiru  Hccuri'tl  tf)  i):iy  t!u'  ri'piiirs  to  the  not. 

Ing  in  with  the  Catch. 

VIII 

tri'uttnl  daily  during'  th»j  fishing  8oa«ou  to  a  picturesque 
iti  they  never  weary,  (ioing  to  and  returning  from  the  tisli- 
to  see  as!  many  an  'yOO  boats  scud<iing  hri«kly  along,  their 
11  and  forming  a  picture  that  delights  the  eye. 

Waiting  for  the  Tide. 

IX  ^- 

uced  as  they  lie  at  anchor  wailing  for  the  ebb  tide  after  the 
lie  Hshing  station.  The  awning  is  sometimes  made  out  of 
astened  in  a  manner  peculiar  to  the  Columbia  river  fi.siier- 
iken  near  Sand  Ishind  in  "iktr's  Hay,  which  is  a  favorite 
on  the  comparatively  ph..  M  waters  of  whi^h  hundreds  of 
V  be  seen. 

FishiniT  Station. 


e  Koeelving  8cow,  or  Fishing  Station,  whore  the  gill-netlers, 
;ieir  catches  to  those  of  the  oanners  who  find  it  advisable  to 
n  to  the  fishing  grounds.     In  addition  to  being  a  great 


»•■»■>  ^  *  »  >-■ 


►-•-■•-^ 


(-1*- 

'/ 

/ 

/ 

/ 
/ 


/ 


i 


vk5^'i.<8S«mniX^i-»:s<^m4m^s^:;K<^"sisK^«5:;^^ 


»•       . I     M^ 


K.  ^^"a^-'iW'^ai^ttrwt.th  fc-Mli  bfcjtimifci  ^VuMUi..- 


•f«*»,;r^--  '•■- 


iria^^N?r.5«c.=j^«^;<!SJ'-:»*;.s«i??:i^>^^ 


ir.»s.«s>r^i^^j»u»~--ar:.*>r^.^5^.u^;;^^^ 


• . .    « 


>  •  •     « 


4 


t 


o 

^  IB 

X  • 


s 


60 

(D 

I 

s 

0 


a 


3' 

o 

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a 
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% 


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ai 


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^«*««     •         **     ^  ^   *m  »  .  m    •  ««.*. 


•  .  >  •  •■   •• 


•tw- 


li'ii  illi  HII>w«t«»^«M»«»» 


4 


■- fll,i.  M  im  I  "i  ^-^ 


•-■V*- -•■«>-•  • 


•  *>•'»   ■  ^w  •  4> 


accommodation  to  the  fishermen,  canners  find  the 
luctance  of  manv  of  the  former  to  remrn  daily  t( 
p]ertifully.  Where  a  scow  is  converted  into  a  fisl 
two  rooms  is  huilt  on  <leck.  One  of  these  rooms  ser 
the  other  is  used  as  a  kitchen  and  for  sleepinjr  apai 
ted  and  weighed  when  received,  ?nd  tlie  station  is 
{))uiiger  in  which  the  fish  are  bronght  to  the  cannei 


Seining — Loading: 


XI 

This  method  of  taking  sahiion  is  generally  a  p 
verses  are  sometimes  met  with.  The  seiners  are  m 
the  water  is  low.  but  an  early  summer  following  he 
during  the  winter  previous,  invariably  causes  a  hea 
injury  to  the  seiner.  The  outfit  of  a  seiner  consists 
scow  and  a  flat-bottomed  boat,  and  his  operations 
portions  of  the  beach  or  slightly  submergecl  islands 
tunity  of  hauling  up  the  seine  and  removing  the  fis 
are  about  1500 feet  long,  and  vary  in  depth  from  lo  fe 
They  contain  (joO  pounds  of  twine,  200  pounds  of  n 
upwards  of  SlOOO.     The  photographs  vere  taken  at 


*^v 


Pushing  0 

V-'"      .;--,■.:;:":  l':"  XII 

The  launching  of  one  of  the  flat-bottomed  boat 
ing  that  is  not  accomplished  without  much  difficult 
After  being  loaded   (with  +he  seine)   the  boat  is  h 


»  •    t     «   •    •• 


4     *»        m     .»» 


swss 


•  «>  •   **■    ■  4^  •  *>  « 


1,  canners  find  the  outlay  p'ontable,  because  of  the  re- 
to  return  daily  to  the  city  when  salmor.  are  running 
;onverted  into  a  fisliing  station,  a  small  house  cont&ining 
)  of  these  rooms  serves  for  a  receptacle  for  the  tish,  while 
id  for  sleeping  apartmenl.-:.  Salmon  are  classified,  coun- 
rnd  the  station  is  visited  <laily  by  a  gasoline  launch  or 
ought  to  the  oannerv. 

g — Loading:  the  Seine. 

XI 

on  is  generally  a  profitable  one,  although  financial  re- 

The  seiners  are  most  fortunate  during  those  years  when 
immer  following  heavy  falls  of  snow  in  the  mountains 
iriably  causes  a  heavy  freshet  and  consequent  financial 

of  a  seiner  consists  of  ten  men,  four  horses,  seine,  a  large 
,  and  his  o{)erations  are  necessarily  confined  to  favorable 

submerged  islands,  which  at  low  tide  afford  an  oppor- 
nd  removing  the  fish.      The  seiin^s  used  in  the  Columbia 

in  depth  from  15  feet  at  the  ends  to  1(30  feet  in  the  center. 
16,  200  pounds  of  rope  and  150  pounds  of  lead,  and  cost 
aphs  vere  taken  at  Sand  Island  seining  grounds. 

Pushing  Off. 

XII 

flat-bottomed  boats  used  by  the  seiners,  is  an  undertak- 
liout  much  difficulty  and  expenditure  of  muscular  force, 
eine)  the  boat  is  left  stranded  until  the  tide  is  flooding, 


-  •  O"*  »»o»^»»    ^ 


ft.      v*^*      * 


«  m  ■     #*  .  tf^        •     €\.i    tt 


I 


im 


*'i 


when  the  crew  await  their  opportunity  and  take  advant 
them  in  getting  it  sufficiently  far  out  to  permit  of  the  i 

Taking  out  the  S< 

Xlli 

On  starting  out  to  make  a  haul,  one  end  of  the  s 
horse  is  hitched,  while  the  boat's  crew  row  out  until  al 
the  boat  is  rowed  down  stream  and  gradually  shorewan 
the  seine  forms  a  semi-circle.  Another  horse  is  then  ca 
up  the  beach.  As  soon  as  there  is  room,  a  third  horse 
No.  2,  then  No.  1  is  taken  off  che  end  and  follows  No.  3 
beach,  which  is  but  200  feet  wide,  is  reached.  Meanw 
has  gradually  been  hauled  down  stream  until  the  ends 


V» 


Hauling  In. 

XIV 

This  photograph  shows  the  hauling  ashore  of   th 
formed  as  described  in  the  foregoing. 

Tlie  Haul. 

'XV 

When  the  seine  has  been  hauled  in  so  that  the  lea( 
the  center,  or  widest  portion  still  remains  in  the  water 
reaches   shore   in  due  course,   and  the  fish  taken  ou 
These  hauls  are  generally  made  between  tides,  and  for  ( 
be  considered  a  good  catch,  from  three  to  four  hauls  ma 


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ity  and  take  advantage  of  the  receding  wavea  to  assist 
It  to  permit  of  the  use  of  the  oars. 

ig  out  the  Seine. 

xni 

ul,  one  end  of  the  seine  is  left  on  shore,  and  to  this  a 
ew  row  out  until  all  the  seine  is  in  the  water.  Then 
gradually  shoreward  until,  when  the  beach  is  reached, 
ther  horse  is  then  called  into  requsition,  and  is  driven 
oom,  a  third  horse  is  attached  about  fifty  ^et  behind 
d  and  follows  No.  3,  and  so  on  until  the  head  of  the 
8  reached.  Meanwhiie  the  other  end  of  the  seine 
earn  until  the  ends  meet,  thus  completing  the  circle. 

iauling  In. 

XIV 

uling  ashore  of   the  seine  after  the  circle  has  been 


The  Haul. 

xv 

I  in  so  that  the  lead  and  cork  lines  are  on  the  shore, 
mains  in  the  water  inabag-like  formation.  This  also 
the  fish  taken  out,  when  the  work  is  again  begun, 
ireen  tides,  and  for  one  "outing"  1500  pounds  would 
"ee  to  four  hauls  made  each  outing. 


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The  Seiner's  S 

XVI 

These  scows  are  the  abode  of  both  man  and  horf 
in  one  of  which,  the  men  cook  and  sleep,  the  other  s 
ally  kept  near  shore  and  rest  on  the  sand  at  low  tide 

Trapping. 

XVII 

If  a  good  location  can  be  secured  the  fish  trap  is 
device  in  use  on  the  lower  Columbia.  The  first  coat 
are  destroyed  by  the  large  quanlllies  of  drift  that  ar< 
season,  liarge  trees,  brought  down  by  the  force  of  n 
six  miles  per  hour,  occasionally  lodge  between  the  p 
and  soon  demolish  the  entire  structure.  This  mean 
and  indirectly  very  much  more.  The  trap  consists 
heart,  the  tunnel  and  the  pot.  The  lead  is  forme 
to  .'500  feet  long,  and  along  these.. from  the  sand  or  b 
high  water  mark,  stretching  netting  which  has  bee 
poses  of  preservation.  At  the  end  of  the  lead  is  the 
or  trap  web,  in  the  shape  of  the  organ  from  which  it 
narrow  end,  the  heart  opens  into  the  tunnel,  which  i 
and  tapering  toward  the  pot,  a  distance  of  ten  feet, 
tunnel  is  almost  two  feet  in  diameter,  the  other  em! 
fish  are  secure,  the  action  of  the  water  on  the  small 
being  such  as  to  make  escape  almost,  if  not  quite,  i 
against  the  web  with  which  the  lead  is  constructed,  i 
following  the  lead,  in  a  few  moments  are  in  the  heart 
means  uf  esca[)e,  they  reach  the  o[)ening  known  as  th 


t     3         .       9.     «; 


C        S      s      E.       S 


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le  Seiner's  Scow. 

XVI  '  \    ■ 

both  man  and  horse,  and  are  divided  into  two  parts, 
id  sleep,  the  other  serving  as  a  stable.  They  are  gene)-- 
he  sand  at  low  tide. 

Trapping. 

XVII  -  .    :. : 

ired  the  fish  trap  is  the  most  profitable  salmon  catching 
ibia.  The  first  coat  is  considerable,  and  frequently  traps 
lies  of  drift  that  are  carried  toward  the  ocean  in  freshet 
\\\  bv  the  force  of  a  current  having  a  velocitv  of  five  or 
odge  between  the  piles  on  which  the  trap  is  suspended, 
riicture.  This  means  a  direct  loss  of  from  SCtlK)  to  §1000, 
The  trap  consists  of  four  parts,  vi/:  The  lead,  the 
The  lead  is  formed  by  driving  a  row  of  piles  from  200 
.from  the  sand  or  bottom  of  the  river  to  a  point  above 
ting  which  has  been  previously  coated  with  tar  for  pur- 
d  of  the  lead  is  the  heart,  also  constructed  of  netting, 
)rgan  from  which  it  derives  its  name.  At  the  lower  or 
the  tunnel,  which  is  also  formed  of  web  without  ends, 
stance  often  feet.  At  its  junction  with  the  latter,  the 
eter,  the  other  end  being  four  feet,  hut  onoe  inside,  the 
water  on  tlie  small  aperture  through  whicix  they  enter 
lost,  if  not  quite,  impossible.  Salmon  when  they  run 
ead  is  constructed,  immediately  head  for  deep  water,  and, 
entsarein  the  heart.  Swimmingaround  this  looking  for  a 
[)ening  known  as  the  tunnel,  and  through  this  they  dash 


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into  the  pot.  The  hitler  portion  of  t)'e  trap  if  forty  ft 
bottom  of  netting,  ,so  that  when  the  fish  are  reniovec 
out  of  the  water.  Altogothor  the  trap  is  an  ingeni 
abundant  source  of  revenue,  if  its  location  is  good, 
his  property  escape  destruction  from  tlie  causes  refer 
perliaps  l)t'  better  understood  by  referring  to  the  plai 
A.  S.  Toe,  civ'l  engineer  of  Astoria. 

Lifting:  the  Ti 

XVIII 

The  operation  of  removing  the  salmon  from  the 
the  raising  of  the  pot  out  of  the  water.  This  don< 
and  as  easily  reached.  A  single  trap  reipiires  the  at 
ally  paid  from  !?40  to  ^itO  per  montli  each,  but  can,  i 
trap. 

Unloading:  the 

XIX 

This  shows  the  manner  of  unloading  the  boats, 
the  cannery.     Lines  with  hooks  and  baskets  attachei 
minutes  are  sulhcient  to  transfer  the  catcli  to  the  ca 
weighed  and  then  left  in  charge  of  the  clonncrs. 

Columbia  River  Fis! 

XX 

The  boats  used  by  the  fishermen  of  the  Columl 
selves  and  especially  adapted  to  the  service  in  which 
with  a  view  to  enable  them  to  live  through  the  st 
lower  Columbia,  and  are  the  outcome  of  continued 
are  known  universally  as  the  Columbia  River  fishing 


>  *^   *  «v  «  ^y  < 


•  <«  •  ^   •   <s    . 


f  t)'e  trap  is  forty  feotsquaro,  and  unlike  tlielieartjias  a 
he  fish  are  removed  it  is  only  necessary  to  raise  the  pot 
3  trap  is  an  ingenious  device,  and  one  that  proves  an 
i  location  is  good,  and  the  owner  fortunate  in  having 
■om  the  causes  referred  to  ahove.  Its  contitruction  will 
referring  to  the  plan  over  this  photograph,  drawn  by  Mr. 


la. 


Jfting  the  Trap. 

XVI II 

16  salmon  from  the  trap  is  simple,  being  perfornKHJ  bv 
?  water.  This  done,  the  Hsb  arc  as  if  in  a  huge  dip-net 
trap  retpiires  the  attention  of  two  men.  These  are  usu- 
ntii  each,  but  can,  if  noccs-iary,  attend  to  more  than  one 

loading:  the  Fish. 

XIX 

doading  the  boats,  when  the  fi^h  are  brought  direct  to 
md  baskets  attached  are  let  down  to  the  boat  and  a  few 
the  catch  to  the  cannevv.  where  thev  are  immediatelv 
)f  the  clonners. 

a  River  Fishing  Boat. 

■  =  ^:    XX 

lien  of  the  Columbia  are  of  a  design  peculiar  to  them- 
he  service  in  which  they  are  engaged.  They  are  built 
ive  through  the  storms  occasionally  pre"alont  on  the 
ome  of  continued  expe;  iments  for  njany  years.  They 
umbia  River  fishing  boat,  are  pointed  at  each  end,  25 


-   .wWis^ 


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feet  long,  with  a  beam  of  from  seven  to  eight  fe 
pounds,  and  cost  $250  each.      When  well  handlec 
taken  by  the  men  too  often   result   in  fatal  acci 
rivei-ifishermen,  due  almost  entirely  to  accidents 
exceptionally  stormy  seasons  has  been  known  1 
engaged.     Sudden  squalls  are  of  course  responsib 
a  majority  of  the  fatalities  are  generally  due  dire 
ness  or  a  combination  qf  both.     The  more  daring 
drifting  too  close  in  shore,  perish  in  the  attem 
breakers  the  chances  in  favor  of  rescue  are  exceec 
crews  of  Fort  CanlSy  and  Point  Adams  comprise 
branches  of  the  life-saving  service  on  the  Pacific 
helping  hand  can  be  outstretched  to  the  unfortui 
temerity. 

A  Choice  Spt 

XXI 

The  great  size  sometimes  attained  by  the  Re 
erence  to  the  accompanying  photograph,  which 
picture  was  taken  for  the  purpose  of  showing  th 
Chinook  of  more  than  average  weight.  • 

Scow  To 

XXII 

Many  of  the  unmarried  fishermen  reside  in  t 
necessity  of  paying  house  rent,  while  enjoying  tl 
being  able  to  change  its  location  at  will. by  lakir 
their  scows  wherever  fancy  dictates.  The  owner 
or  beach  their  homes  near  each  other,  and  he 


'♦«»>» 


1'     iJi*lHI  -  - 


"H 


1  seven  to  eight  feet,  have  a  carrying  capacity-  of  600() 

When  well  handled  they  are  safe  boais,  but  the  great  riBks 

re.^ult   in  fatal  accidents.     The  mortality  among  Columbia 

itiroly  to  accidents  or  foolhardiness,  is  usually  high,  and  in 

has  been  known  to  reach  almost  ^  per  cent  of  the  men 

of  course  responsible  for  the  capsizing  of  many  boats,  but 

i  generally  due  directly  to  either  inexperience  or  foolhardi- 

.     The  more  daring  of  the  men  favor  the  shoal  water,  and 

jrish  in  the  attempt  to  recover  their  nets.     Once  in  the 

of  rescue  are  exceedingly  doubtful,  and  while  the  life-saving 

It  Adams  comprise  probably  the  best  drilled  and  equipped 

-vice  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  lives  are  frequently  lost  before  a 

;hed  to  the  unfortunate  ones  who  are  victims  of  their  own 


'■% 


\  Choice  Specimen. 

XXI 

attained  by  the  Royal  Chinook  will  be  understooa  by  ref- 
photograph,  which  represents  a  65-pound  specimen.  The 
pose  of  showing  the  comparative  dimensions  of  a  gennine 
e  weight.  •  . 

Scow  Town. 

XXII 
shermen  reside  in  these  floating  houses  and  thus  avoid  the 
t,  while  enjoying  the  dual  pleasure  of  owning  a  home  and 
ion  at  will,  by  taking  advantage  of  the  high  tides  and  towing 
ictates.  The  owners,  if  of  like  nationality,  as  a  rule  anchor 
each  other,  and  hence  the  name  cf  Scow  Town.     The  above 


.^ 


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shows  such  a  scene,  and  the  original  is  to  be  se 
more  distinct  view  of  one  of  these  scows,  mai 
tasty  manner,  will  be  seen  by  reference  to  Iliusl 

Chinook  S 

xxn 

This  represents  a  cannery  scene  with  a  qua: 
to  being  cleaned,  the  beautiful  specimen  in  the  ] 
ing  a  length  of  48  inches  with  a  girth  of  44  inc 
choice  specimen  of  the  king  of  food  fishes,  weig 

Steelhe^ 

XXV 

Steelhead  Salmon,  fifteen  and  twenty  poun 
Chinook  in  color  and  flavor,  but  is  not  so  rich  i 
fact  that  the  head  and  back  are  steel  color.     Tl: 
of  the  Chinook,  seldom  weighin;?  more  than 
than  ten  or  fifteen  pounds. 

NOTI 


Havipp"  critically  examined  and  carefully  read  the  contents  oi 
desciibiii  r  .c^  Columbia  River  Salmon  fiahinK  industry,  I  find  the 
correct. 


»  . «  ■  »  «  » < 


"    ■WAIII-WM 


■•'mim'mmmmmm 


V 


original  is  to  be  seen  near  the  Scandinavian  Cannery.  A 
Df  these  scows,  many  of  which  are  built  in  an  exceedingly 
y  reference  to  Illustration  No.  23. 

Chinook  Salmon. 

XXIV 

•y  scene  with  a  quantity  of  Royal  Chinook  Salmon  previous 
il  specimen  in  the  foreground  weighing  74  pounds  and  hav- 
h  a  girth  of  44  inches.  Illustration  No.  25  shows  another 
of  food  fishes,  weighing  72  pounds. 

Steelheads. 

XXVI 

n  and  twenty  pounds.     This  species  is  not  unlike  the  Royal 

but  is  not  so  rich  in  oil  as  the  latter.   It  is  so  called  fi-om  the 

are  steel  color.     The  steelhead'does  not  attain  the  great  size 

ighin;?  more  than  forty  pounds,  and  more  frequently   less 


NOTE. 

efully  read  the  contents  of  this  Descriptive  Photographic  Album,  illustrating  and 
gahing  industry,  I  find  the  statistics  and  statements  contained  therein  authentic  and 

HOLLISTER  D.  McGUIRE, 
Oregon  State  Game  and  Fish  Protector. 


V^-V" 


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